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St Ninian's Isle
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St Ninian's Isle : ウィキペディア英語版
St Ninian's Isle

St Ninian's Isle is a small tied island connected by the largest active tombolo in the UK〔(St Ninian's Tombolo. ) J.D. Hansom, Coastal Geomorphology of Great Britain (2003). Extract from the Geological Conservation Review.〕 to the south-western coast of the Mainland, Shetland, in Scotland. The tombolo, known locally as an ''ayre''〔Nicolson (1972) p. 21〕 from the Old Norse for "gravel bank",〔(Guide to Scandinavian origins of place names in Britain. ) Ordnance Survey, 2004.〕 is 500 metres long.〔 During the summer the tombolo is above sea level and accessible to walkers. During winter, stronger wave action removes sand from the beach so that it is usually covered at high tide, and occasionally throughout the tidal cycle, until the sand is returned the following spring. Depending on the definition used, St. Ninian's is thus either an island, or a peninsula;〔(Fettes College Shetland Landscapes ) Retrieved 3 August 2007.〕 it has an area of about 72 hectares. The nearest settlement is Bigton on South Mainland. The important early medieval St Ninian's Isle Treasure of metalwork, mostly in silver, was discovered under the church floor in 1958. Many seabirds, including puffins, visit the island, with several species nesting there.
==History==
As its name suggests, the island has ecclesiastical connections, which may like others in the Northern Isles, Hebrides and Faroes have connections to the Culdees or ''papar''. However, the island's history is far older than Christianity, and Neolithic graves have been found within the walls of the chapel (formerly beneath the floor).
The ruins of a 12th-century chapel can still be seen near the end of the tombolo. The dedication is to Shetland's patron saint, the enigmatic Saint Ninian of Galloway, who is also widely venerated on the nearby Orkney Islands, and may be commemorated in the name of North Ronaldsay. In 1958, an excavation found a hoard of 8th century silver in the chapel grounds under a stone slab in a wooden box, which caused a renewed archaeological interest in the island.〔Haswell-Smith, Hamish. (2004) The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh. Canongate.〕 It was suspected to have been buried to hide it from, or stolen in, a Viking raid. The remains of a pre-Norse chapel were also found, which may indicate some kind of Culdee presence.
The last family to live on the island, that of Henry Leask, left the island in 1796. Henry Leask was married twice and had 13 children.

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